Ten, kto sprzedaje osła, sprzedał źrebaka. [Gemara interpretuje to jako przykład powiedzenia: „Sprzedaję ci tyłek do karmienia”. Na cóż bowiem pożytek jest mleko osła? Musi więc być tak, że jego zamiarem jest to i jego źrebię.] Jeśli sprzedał krowę, to nie sprzedał jej cielęcia. [To, kiedy mówi: „Sprzedaję ci karmiącą krowę”. Gdyż krowa stoi (na sprzedaż) za swoje mleko, a taki był jego zamysł: „krowa za swoje mleko”]. Jeśli ktoś sprzedał popielniczkę [miejsce o wysokości trzech lub więcej dłoni lub głębokości trzech lub więcej dłoni, złoże obornika], sprzedał obornik [tj. jego zwierząt]. Jeśli sprzedał bora (patrz 2: 1), sprzedał jego wodę. [To jest indywidualna opinia, którą różnią się mędrcy. Halacha jest zgodna z mędrcami]. Jeśli sprzedał ul, to sprzedał pszczoły. Jeśli sprzedał gołębicę, to sprzedał gołębie. Ten, kto kupuje „owoce” gołębicy [pisklęta całego roku] od swojego sąsiada, „przegania” pierwszego (breicha) (lęg) [i zostawia je sprzedawcy. Każde dwa wcielenia nazywane są „breichah”. Zostają z matką, aby (matki) nie odleciały.] (Ten, kto kupuje) „owoce” ula [pszczoły urodzone w ulu w tym roku] zbiera trzy roje, [pierwsze trzy opuszczają ul i umieszcza je w swoim ulu. Bo pierwsi są najlepsi, a jakość stopniowo się pogarsza.] A potem on się zmienia. [Oznacza to, że bierze jednego (rój) i pozostawia jednego sprzedawcy, aby wyrósł i połączył się z żywicielem, aby zapełnić ul; i tak kolejno.] (Ten, kto kupuje) plastry miodu pozostawia dwa [na pożywienie pszczół w porze deszczowej]. (Ten, kto kupuje) drzewa oliwne, aby ściąć liście, dwa pędy [które są następnie ponownie sadzone. ]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
המוכר את החמור מכר את הסייח – the offspring of the donkey and in the Gemara (Talmud Bava Batra 78b) it establishes that he (i.e., the seller) said to him (i.e., the purchaser): This nursing donkey I am selling [to you],” for the milk of the she-ass, of what benefit Is it? But absolutely, she and her offspring are spoken of to him. And the concluding part [of our Mishnah] where he stated: “I am selling to you a nursing cow.” He did not acquire her offspring, for a cow exists for its milk, and he mentioned to him: “a cow for its milk.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Introduction Mishnah three deals with what is included in the sale of various items such as donkeys, cows, and beehives. Mishnah four deals with the a person who buys trees in another person's field and whether or not the buyer has acquired the land on which the trees grow.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מכר אשפה – a tall place of three handbreadths or more, or three [handbreadths] deep or more, for it is normal to place there the manure of his cattle.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
If a man sold a donkey he has sold its foal. If a man sold a cow he has not sold its calf. The question in this section is whether or not a person has sold the young child of a mother animal, when he has sold the mother. According to the mishnah when he sells a donkey he has sold the foal but when he sells a cow he has not sold the calf. The Talmud explains that the mishnah is dealing with a case where the seller says that he is selling a nursing donkey or cow. Since people do not use donkeys for milk, it can be assumed that when he said nursing donkey he intended to sell the donkey and its young, who may be nursing from its mother. However, since people do use cows for milk, it may be that he was selling the cow on its own, without the young, and the reason why he called it a nursing cow was to let the buyer know that this cow produces milk.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מכר בור מכר מימיו – Our Mishnah is the opinion of a single authority, but the Rabbis dispute it and state that if one sold a cistern, one did not sell its water, and the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
If he sold a dungheap, he has sold the dung on it. If he sold a cistern, he has sold the water in it. If he sold a bee-hive he has sold the bees. If he sold a dovecote he has sold the pigeons. In this section four things are listed, which if the outer container is sold, the contents are sold with it. Since the sole purpose of the container is to hold the contents, we can assume that when the sale was made, the intent of both the buyer and the seller was to include the contents.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
הלוקח פירות שובך – what the doves gave birth to all year.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
If a man bought the fruit of a dovecote from his fellow he must let go the first pair that are hatched. [If he bought], the fruit of a beehive he may take three swarms and then [the seller] may make the rest sterile. If a person buys the young pigeons that will be born in a dovecote (where pigeons are raised), then he return to the seller the first pair that are born. This is in order for the parents, who are still owned by the seller, to have a pair of young to take care of, so that the parents won't fly away. If one buys the bees that will be born in a beehive, he may take three swarms. After taking the three swarms, the seller may cause the bees to be sterile so that their energy will be devoted to making honey and not to making young. Alternatively, the last phrase of this section of the mishnah may state that after taking the first three swarms, the buyer takes alternative swarms. The lack of clarity in the mishnah is due to the dual meaning of the Hebrew word.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מפריח – the purchaser [must let the first brood fly away].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
[If he bought] honeycombs he must leave two honeycombs. [If he bought] olive trees to cut down the branches, he must leave two shoots. When a person buys honeycombs from another persons beehive, he must leave at least two honeycombs behind, in order to feed the bees that are left. Similarly, when a person buys an olive tree with the intent to cut down the branches he must leave two branches so the tree can regenerate.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
בריכה ראשונה – and leave it for the seller and every two offspring are called a בריכה/brood and he leaves them with its mother in order to be in the company of their mother so that they don’t fly away.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
פירות כוורת – bees that are born from this beehive this year. The purchaser takes three swarms, three groups from the bees born that first go out from the beehive and brings them into his own beehive. The first ones are important/valuable, whereas the last of the last is the worst. From there, he (i.e., the owner) makes the bees impotent, meaning to say, he takes one, and leaves one for the seller in order that they can grow and become attached with the parents so that the beehive will be refreshed and similarly forever.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
חלות דבש – the honey with the wax together are combined to make honeycombs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מניח שתי חלות – that the bees are supported from them all the rainy days.
